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The history of the orchestra is connected with the activities of the National Theater, which was led by Wojciech Boguslavsky. At that time, the orchestra was led by two Polish conductors and composers: Jozef Elsner and Karol Kurpinski.
Later, the orchestra was led by the Italian conductor Jan Quattrini and Stanislav Moniuszko, who is considered the "father of Polish opera." At the beginning of the 20th century, the orchestra was led by Emil Mlynarski, Artur Rodzinsky and Zdislav Gorzinsky
After the Second World War, the orchestra began to develop and became the largest opera orchestra in Poland.
The orchestra performs at the Wielki Theater, the Polish National Opera. The program includes works by various composers, such as Chopin, Moniusko, Verdi, Rossini, Bizet, Mozart, Penderecki and Kilar. teatrwielki.pl teatrwielki.pl operavision.eu
The orchestra also tours abroad, performing opera and ballet productions, as well as symphonic concerts. For example, in 2023 the orchestra performed in Athens, the program includes works by Mozart, Piano Concerto in D minor No. 20 and Requiem in D minor. teatrwielki.pl gov.pl
In 1972, the orchestra won the Golden Bird at the Mai Festwoche in Wiesbaden for its performance of Verdi's Othello under the direction of Jan Krenz.